AOTIM-5: Arctic Ocean Tidal Inverse Model

Laurence Padman, ESR

Map of M2 sea surface height amplitude (m) from AOTIM-5.
Click on figure for clearer (*.png) version.
Phone: +1 (541) 753-6695
Fax: +1 (541) 753-1999

Lana Erofeeva, OSU
Phone: +1 (541) 737-3964
Fax: +1 (541) 737-2064

Susan Howard, ESR
Phone: +1 (206) 726-0501
Fax: +1 (541) 726-0524

 
Funded by NSF Polar Programs
 

Model and Software Summary

AOTIM-5 (Padman and Erofeeva, 2004) is a high-resolution, 5-km regular grid regional assimilation tide model of the entire Arctic Ocean (see above figure). Only the 4 most energetic tides (M2, S2, O1, and K1) were simulated with AOTIM-5: for prediction purposes we use N2, K2, P1, and Q1 from the Arctic forward model AODTM-5. Assimilated data consists of coastal and benthic tide gauges (between 250 and 310 gauges per constituent), and 364 cycles of T/P and 108 cycles of ERS altimeter data from a modified version of the "Pathfinder" database ( Koblinsky et al., 1999) with no tidal corrections applied [B. Beckeley, personal communication, 2003]. We used T/P altimeter data for 11178 data sites with a spacing of ~7 km, and ERS altimeter data for 18224 data sites, illustrated in Figure 1 in Padman and Erofeeva (2004). Data assimilation was done for 4 major constituents only: TG+T/P+ERS for M2 and O1, TG+T/P for K1 and TG only for S2. These choices are based on the ability of the satellite data to resolve specific constituents depending on orbit characteristics; see, e.g., Parke et al. (1987), Smith (1999), and Smith et al. (2000).

AOTIM-5 is distributed with a Matlab Graphical User Interface ("GUI") called "TMD" (the Tide Model Driver). TMD can be used to quickly access and browse the model, and to make tide height and current (velocity component) predictions. The TMD package also contains scripted functions for use in batch-mode Matlab processing. For an overview of the GUI and scripts, view or download the README PDF file. For FORTRAN access, please go to the Oregon State "OTIS" web page.

Please reference Padman and Erofeeva (2004) for the use of AOTIM-5.

Contact Laurie Padman for advice on which model to use for a particular application, to be added to an update notification list, or for further information on the tide models.

Download Instructions

The Matlab-based version of AOTIM-5, plus the TMD Toolbox, can be downloaded by clicking on the links below. The AOTIM-5 file size is ~110 MB. If you prefer to receive the model by CD, please contact us. Arctic Ocean tide models will continue to be developed through the life of the Arctic Ocean Baroclinic Tides modeling program. We will also occasionally make updates to TMD.

Download model

Download TMD Matlab Toolbox

Download TMD Readme PDF

If you prefer, the model and TMD toolbox can be downloaded from our FTP site, as follows:

  1. ftp ftp.esr.org
  2. login: anonymous
  3. password: email address
  4. cd pub/datasets/tmd
  5. binary
  6. get aotim5_tmd.zip (~110 MB)
  7. get tmd_toolbox.zip (~0.3 MB)

References

  1. Egbert, G.D., and S.Y. Erofeeva, 2002: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19(2), 183-204.


  2. Koblinsky, C.J., Ray, R.D., Beckeley, B.D., Wang, Y.-M., Tsaoussi, L., Brenner, A., and R. Williamson, NASA ocean altimeter Pathfinder project report 1: Data processing handbook, NASA/TM-1998-208605, 1999.


  3. Padman, L. and S. Erofeeva, 2004: A barotropic inverse tidal model for the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(2), L02303, doi:10.1029/2003GL019003.


  4. Parke, M. E., R. H. Stewart, D. L. Farless, and D. E. Cartwright, 1987: On the choice of orbits for an altimetric satellite to study ocean circulation and tides, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11,693-11,707.


  5. Smith, A. J. E., 1999: Application of Satellite Altimetry for Global Antarctic Tide Modeling, PhD Thesis, Delft University press, Delft, The Netherlands, 182pp.


  6. Smith, A. J. E., B. A. C. Ambrosius, and K. F. Wakker, 2000: Ocean tides from T/P, ERS-1, and GEOSAT altimetry, J. Geodesy, 74, 399-413.